ABSTRACT
One of the structural uniqueness of arylnaphthalene lignans (ANLs) is their potential atropoisomerism, which may result in bioactivity discrepancy. However, the stable ANL atropisomers rarely exist in nature. In the course of our phytochemical study of Justicia procumbens, we isolated nine ANL glycosides (1-9) with four of them (1-4) being identified as new stable atropisomers. Their absolute configurations were determined based on the analysis of the circular dichroism (CD) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. The ANL compounds were evaluated for their antiviral potential as entry inhibitors against the infections of H5N1 influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with 5 being the most potent one with IC50 values ranging from 0.0063-1.13 mu M. The atropisomers did not display significant antiviral activity, indicating that a free rotation of the biphenyl aryl-aryl bond could play a significant role in the antiviral activity of ANL compounds.
ABSTRACT
Background: The challenges that viral pneumonia poses to the global public health system remain daunting. In this study, an analysis of publications on viral pneumonia over the past two decades was conducted. Through this work, we hope to provide inspiration for future research on viral pneumonia. Methods: We extracted all of the English publications relevant to viral pneumonia published during 1999-2019 from Web of Science. GraphPad Prism, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used to collect and analyze the publication trends in related fields. Results: We identified 2,006 publications with 62,155 citations as of February 16, 2021. The United States accounted for the largest number of publications (34.2%), with the highest number of citations (27,616) and the highest h-index (78). China ranked second in the number of publications. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent proved to be the center of research cooperation. Clinical Infectious Diseases included the most papers published relating to the topic of viral pneumonia. Chan KH published the most papers in this field (25), while an article from Fouchier RAM presented the highest citation frequency (1,275). Conclusions: According to the bibliometric analysis database and related software results, the United States dominates the field of viral pneumonia research. The key term extracted by VOS-viewer has shifted to "Diagnosis and management", indicating a new trend for viral pneumonia research.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the protective effects of 2 kinds of protective stickers made from different materials on facial injury/discomfort caused by wearing protective appliances of military medical members in the medical team supporting Hubei, so as to provide reference for developing convenient and effective protective measures. Methods Totally 147 military medical members in the medical team supporting Hubei were surveyed by the self-designed questionnaire of facial injury/discomfort caused by wearing protective appliances. Cross-sectional survey of the facial injury/discomfort before and after using the protective gel stickers (Haishen stickers, developed by the Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University [Second Military Medical University]) or 3M hydrophilic dressing was conducted, and the protective effects of the 2 kinds of protective stickers on facial injury/discomfort were compared. Results A total of 78 medical members finished the questionnaires (62 cases with Haishen stickers and 16 cases with 3M hydrophilic dressings). The scores of facial injury/discomfort were significantly reduced in both groups after using the protective stickers (both, P<0.05);however, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups before or after using the protective stickers (both, P>0.05). The top 4 moderate-to-severe facial injury/discomfort were fogging of protective glasses/masks (85.9%, 67/78), skin indentation (80.8%, 63/78), pain at the contact sites (74.4%, 58/78) and sultry (71.8%, 56/78), and the overall proportion of moderate-to-severe injury/discomfort was 80.8% (63/78);after using the protective stickers, the top 4 moderate-to-severe facial injury/discomfort were fogging of glasses/masks (53.8%, 42/78), sultry (41.0%, 32/78), respiratory resistance (41.0%, 32/78) and skin indentation (38.5%, 30/78), with the overall proportion of moderate to severe injury/discomfort being 43.6% (34/78);and the top 4 improvement rates of facial injury/discomfort after using protective stickers were skin erosion (76.5%), skin redness (67.3%), pain at the contact sites (63.8%), and itching at the contact site (52.9%). Conclusion These 2 kinds of protective stickers made from different materials can improve the facial injury/discomfort caused by protective appliances, which is worth popularizing.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Whether patients with COVID-19 require invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is not yet clear. This article summarizes the clinical treatment process and clinical data of patients with COVID-19 and analyzes the predictive factors for mechanical ventilation for these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out from January 5, 2020, to March 23, 2020, including 98 patients with COVID-19 treated at three designated hospitals in Huangshi City, Hubei Province. Data collection included demographics, previous underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, imaging examination results, diagnosis, and prognosis. This study presents a summary of the patients' overall clinical characteristics and clarifies the predictive factors for MV in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: There were 56 males and 42 females included in this study. The mortality rate was 26.53% (26/98). Fever, cough, and chest tightness were the most common symptoms (64.3%, 37.8%, and 12.2%, respectively). Thirty cases required MV, 30.61% of the total cases, and the mortality rate was 73.33%. The univariate comparison showed that dyspnea, acute physiologic assessment, chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score, and the ratio between arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and oxygen concentration (FiO2) (P/F) were statistically different between the MV group and the non-MV group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results showed the following: dyspnea; increased white blood cell count; decreased platelets; lowered albumin levels; increased urea nitrogen; increased levels of myocardial enzymes Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Kinase, MB Form (CKMB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); increased lactate, and lowered blood calcium tests. These findings may indicate that the patients have an increased probability of needing MV support. A cutoff value for the initial APACHE II score of >11.5 and the initial PaO2/FiO2 ratio of <122.17 mmHg should be considered for MV support for patients with COVID-19.